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Old 10-09-2025, 06:35 PM   #1
DrPL
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The prefix "epub" for attribute "epub:type" associated with an element type "nav" is
Hi,
I am deeply apologetic for the length of this message but I'm going through my files and attempts to create a valid epub.

I created an epub in late 2023 and had no problems and I'm using the same template to create a new epub, but when I run it on the various epub checking websites ( https://www.bookmarketing.pro/epub-validator.html, https://draft2digital.com/book/epubcheck/upload, https://www.epubconversion.com/epub-validator/ and
https://bookery.app/epub_validation )

I get the following error(s). I guess that in the two year's gap something has changed in the validation process. Can anyone help please?

These are the errors:


Code:
FATAL(RSC-016): epub/OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(13,35): Fatal Error while parsing file: The prefix "epub" for attribute "epub:type" associated with an element type "nav" is not bound.

ERROR(RSC-005): epub/OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(-1,-1): Error while parsing file: The prefix "epub" for attribute "epub:type" associated with an element type "nav" is not bound.

--------------------------------------------

This is the contents.xhtml file - its practically the same as the epub I created over a year ago with no problems. I've indicated with a /* .. */
where line 13, the source of the errors, is

I've omitted much of the file as its just a repetitive listing of county name in the UK


Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<link href="../styles/mystyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<meta http-equiv="default-style" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Contents</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<hr/>

    <nav id="toc" epub:type="toc"> /* error */


<table class="centertable">

<tr>
<td>
<a href="sameauthor.xhtml">By the same author</a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
<a href="intro.xhtml">Introduction</a>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
<a href="updates.xhtml">Updates</a>
</td>
</tr>

</table>

<hr/>

<table class="centertable">

<tr>
<td>
England:
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>

<!-- rest of contents omitted for brevity -->

</table>


</nav>
</body>
</html>


My toc.ncx reads (with repetitive elements removed for legibility)


Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<ncx xmlns="http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/ncx/" version="2005-1">
  <head>
    <!--<meta name="dtb:uid" content="9781471652950"/>-->
    <meta name="dtb:depth" content="1"/>
    <meta name="dtb:totalPageCount" content="447"/>
    <meta name="dtb:maxPageNumber" content="447"/>
  </head>
  <docTitle>
    <text>Volume 2: Hotels</text>
  </docTitle>
  <navMap>
    <navPoint id="navpoint-1" playOrder="1">
      <navLabel>
        <text>Cover</text>
      </navLabel>
    </navPoint>

/* Extraneous elements snipped */

</navMap>
</ncx>

Based on this reply in this forum ( https://www.mobileread.com/forums/sh...d.php?t=285158 )
I've changed the head in toc.xhtml from
Code:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
to
Code:
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
But now I get loads of errors!

Code:
ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(16,28): Error while parsing file: element "table" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(38,6): Error while parsing file: element "hr" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(40,28): Error while parsing file: element "table" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(461,6): Error while parsing file: element "hr" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(463,28): Error while parsing file: element "table" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(606,6): Error while parsing file: element "hr" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(608,28): Error while parsing file: element "table" not allowed here; expected element "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "hgroup" or "ol"

ERROR(RSC-005): /OEBPS/text/contents.xhtml(628,7): Error while parsing file: element "nav" incomplete; missing required element "ol"

It now seems that table and hr are not allowed in the contents file?! <hr> is used at the top of file to separate
<h2>Contents</h2>
from the rest of the file and seems to be OK but when I used to to separate the tables, it now grumbles. It doesn't seem to like the use of these tags when between <nav>.

I'm especially bewildered about the final error, talking about the missing "ol" element.

Can anyone help?

With best wishes

Paul
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Old 10-09-2025, 07:14 PM   #2
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Is your ebook an epub v3?

Have a look at this toc.xhtml which has no problems... https://paste.kodi.tv/ewelefubeh
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Old 10-09-2025, 07:26 PM   #3
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Also, are you using Calibre or Sigil?
You should be able to easily recreate the TOC's with their built in TOC manager.
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Old 10-10-2025, 02:31 AM   #4
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An ePub3 navigation document must use ol and li.

See 7. EPUB navigation document
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Old 10-10-2025, 08:17 AM   #5
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Thank you for your responses. I'm unable to check right now as I'm away from my files but to answer your question - when I validate the sites say that I am using ePub 3 (one site says 3.2).

the contents page is the only one I am using the table tag, which hr to delimit the different sections. It went through OK two years ago so I am using that the use of these two tags between <nav> is now deprecated (?)
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Old 10-10-2025, 08:27 AM   #6
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Hi,
I'm away from my files so I can't test this but thanks for your replies. I must be validating against epub 3 as at least some of the sites I am using say this.

It looks to me like using hr and table tags between <nav> has been deprecated since two years ago it let me do this. I shall try replacing them with li and ol tags.

Many thanks!
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Old 10-10-2025, 10:10 AM   #7
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Here is a NAV ToC you can use as a sample.

Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
<head>
<title>Probability Space</title>
<meta http-equiv="default-style" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/stylesheet.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav epub:type="toc">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ol epub:type="list">
<li><a href="xhtml/title.xhtml#tit">Title Page</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/copyrightnotice.xhtml#notice">Copyright Notice</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/dedication.xhtml#ded">Dedication</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/acknowledgments.xhtml#ack">Acknowledgments</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/epigraph.xhtml#epi">Epigraph</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/prologue.xhtml#Pro">Prologue: Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter1.xhtml#ch1">One: Cambridge, Massachusetts, United Atlantic Federation, Earth</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter2.xhtml#ch2">Two: Walton Spaceport, United Atlantic Federation, Earth</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter3.xhtml#ch3">Three: Lowell City, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter4.xhtml#ch4">Four: Luna City</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter5.xhtml#ch5">Five: En Route to Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter6.xhtml#ch6">Six: Space Tunnel #1</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter7.xhtml#ch7">Seven: Lowell City, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter8.xhtml#ch8">Eight: World</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter9.xhtml#ch9">Nine: Gofkit Shamloe</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter10.xhtml#ch10">Ten: Lowell City, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter11.xhtml#ch11">Eleven: Lowell City</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter12.xhtml#ch12">Twelve: Gofkit Shamloe</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter13.xhtml#ch13">Thirteen: Gofkit Shamloe</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter14.xhtml#ch14">Fourteen: Tharsis, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter15.xhtml#ch15">Fifteen: World</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter16.xhtml#ch16">Sixteen: At Space Tunnel #438</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter17.xhtml#ch17">Seventeen: At Space Tunnel #438</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter18.xhtml#ch18">Eighteen: Lowell City, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter19.xhtml#ch19">Nineteen: Aboard the Murasaki</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter20.xhtml#ch20">Twenty: Aboard the Murasaki</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter21.xhtml#ch21">Twenty-One: Aboard the Murasaki</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter22.xhtml#ch22">Twenty-Two: Aboard the Murasaki</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter23.xhtml#ch23">Twenty-Three: Tharsis, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter24.xhtml#ch24">Twenty-Four: Caligula Space</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter25.xhtml#ch25">Twenty-Five: Tharsis, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter26.xhtml#ch26">Twenty-Six: Artemis System</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter27.xhtml#ch27">Twenty-Seven: In Q Space</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter28.xhtml#ch28">Twenty-Eight: Aboard a Faller Station</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter29.xhtml#ch29">Twenty-Nine: Q Space</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter30.xhtml#ch30">Thirty: Tharsis, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter31.xhtml#ch31">Thirty-One: Space Tunnel #1</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter32.xhtml#ch32">Thirty-Two: Tharsis Plain, Mars</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter33.xhtml#ch33">Thirty-Three: Space Tunnel #1</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/chapter34.xhtml#ch34">Thirty-Four: Thera Station, Mars Orbit</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/abouttheauthor.xhtml#ata">About the Author</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/adcard.xhtml#add">By Nancy Kress</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/newsletter.xhtml#new">Newsletter Sign-up</a></li>
<li><a href="xhtml/copyright.xhtml#cpy">Copyright</a></li>
</ol>
</nav>
<nav epub:type="landmarks">
<h2>Guide</h2>
<ol epub:type="list">
<li><a epub:type="cover" href="xhtml/cover.xhtml">Cover</a></li>
<li><a epub:type="toc" href="xhtml/contents.xhtml">Table of Contents</a></li>
</ol>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
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Old 10-10-2025, 04:37 PM   #8
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Thank you, I managed to get it to work, replacing the table elements with ol and li, and do some re-formatting. I can use this as a template for another epub I'm working on
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Old 10-10-2025, 05:50 PM   #9
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Quote:
Originally Posted by DrPL View Post
Thank you, I managed to get it to work, replacing the table elements with ol and li, and do some re-formatting. I can use this as a template for another epub I'm working on
Why not just use the automated TOC manager? It will create it in seconds.
Assuming you have <h> tags for your chapter headings.
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