Kindle Battery Surgery [Success!]

[knc1]

Originally Posted by geekmaster

But the eink is encapsulated in beads, which would need to be melted or dissolved. And some eink technologies claim to use both black and white charged particles, but we already know how to electophoretically separate them if we need to.

From my description, it should be clear that I never tried it myself.

But even if the e-ink has to be processed, it might well be easier than making your on graphene nano platelets.
Aren't those beads wax or clay or some such simple thing?

"Turn your Kindle display into a Super Capacitor"
video to follow, maybe, someday.

Actually, it already is a zillion or so independent super capacitors.
Each pixel (or maybe each bead) is a tiny super capacitor - that is how each pixel (or bead) can hold enough charge to be rotated by an electric field.

[geekmaster]

I suspect plastic beads. No rotation in the kindle eink, though other eink tech does have rotating bi-color beads. Some eink uses one color of charged particles in colored oil. But the kindles use the eink tech shown in the video below (with both black and white particles):



What I have not been able to wrap my mind around is how new the ACeP multicolor eink works:

http://the-digital-reader.com/2016/0...aper-displays/

This wholly-new epaper does away with the color filter required for previous color epaper screens and instead displays a full color gamut, including all eight primary colors, using only colored pigments in each pixel.

Umm... What color space has EIGHT primary colors?

[knc1]

So you have to get the e-ink out of the display screen -
Then you have to get the particles out of the oil filled beads -

Hmm....

Sounds like a job for the kitchen blender set on 'puree'.
Then filter the result.

Note:
"size of a human hair" ~= 100 micro-meters.
The nano particles will be in the 10 ... 2 micro-meter range.
And filter papers with pore sizes down to 0.2 micro-meter is common stuff (in the chemistry industry).

#500 mesh wire screen has openings of about 45 micro-meters.

(Now I am beginning to sound like Jane. I need to start hanging out with other people more.)

[Cinisajoy]

Aren't the actual primary colors: red, yellow, blue.and green?

[knc1]

Originally Posted by Cinisajoy

Aren't the actual primary colors: red, yellow, blue.and green?

But electric charges only come in two flavors, + and -
So there has to be some technical trickery involved in the devices.

[Cinisajoy]

Originally Posted by knc1

But electric charges only come in two flavors, + and -
So there has to be some technical trickery involved in the devices.

Postive, negative and ground or is ground only used in houses?

[geekmaster]

Additive (light) primary colors are red, green, blue (matching our color perception). Mixing them gives white (in the correct proportions, matching our color sensitivity).

Subtractive (pigment) primary colors WERE (when I went to school) red, yellow, blue (under the historical RYB color model). But in real life you also need black pigment (not considered a color) to get anything darker than a muddy brown.

EDIT: I just learned (thanks pdurrant) that a new (since I went to school) color model is in use: CMY, with new primary colors Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (which actually makes much more sensse considering that it avoids that "muddy brown" problem with the old subtractive color model).

Inkjet printers typically use CMYK colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, plus black to give richer blacks).

Now color eink is just magic, until I learn how the technogy really works, and magic disturbs me. Though I was a licensed magician as a child -- my cousin was a professional magician and he taught me tricks and registered me for the license. Not sure what honors that bestowed. My amateur radio and motorcyle and SCUBA and firearm safety (and more) are more useful than being a certified magician, I think...

But I love learning the secrets underlying magic tricks, converting mystery to knowlege and magic to science.

Yeah, that "technical trickery' disturbs me, because known unknowns cause an itch that is only relieved by learning their secrets...

[geekmaster]

Originally Posted by Cinisajoy

Postive, negative and ground or is ground only used in houses?

Electrical charge and electrical current (or potential) are different beasts. And in house wiring we use alternating current, which is even more beastly until you bother to study it. Tesla is the man, in that department...

Electric charge is determined by the relative proportion of extra or missing electrons. In electronic components, missing electrons are often referred to as "holes" because they are locations in the semiconductive crystalline structure where an electron is missing and another electron can fall into place. Semiconductors have permanent electric charges duffused into them in the form of atoms of an element that has extra or missing electrons (relative to silicon) in their outer orbits.

An eink particle with a permanent positive charge is lacking electrons and therefore repelled from a positive field and attracted to a negative electric field, whereas negatively charge particles (of opposite color) are repelled from a negative field and attracted to a positive field

Though I have not read this anywhere, it makes sense to me: If eink particles are dielectric, it would be possible to give them a permanenet electric charge using the same method as forming electric capacitor peranenet charges -- melt and resolidify them while held in an electric field. For example, stack a layer of black plastic on white plastic (with waxed paper between then) between metallic sheets, put an electric charge across the metallic sheets, then melt and cool them. After separating the black and white layers, powder them, mix them together in oil (i.e. eink), and encapsulate the eink in beads to prevent it from all flowing the the bottom of your eink screen when you hold your ebook vertically. You need a grid of electrodes over both sides (front and back), and the front side must be made of conductive transparent metal (typically ITO - indium tin oxide).

To get the electric fields where they belong at each pixel, you need to minimize external connections using transistors at each pixel position, forming a charge-coupled bucket-brigade shift register. Though I think our eink displays do gray values using pusle timing, a charge-coupled device could also allow analog values to be shifted to each pixel position. Perhaps such methods are used in the new color eink?

Electrophoresis causes the charged particles to migrate through the oil inside the beads, at a speed dependent on oil viscosity (and temperature). To get grayscale, it is necessary to control how long the field is applied, and the temperature must be measured to do that. That is why the waveform tables contain multiple waveforms (timing values) for various gray values at various temperatures.

And for many eink controllers, the waveform tables also contain the firmware that runs in the eink controller. Anybody want to write an eink virus?

Okay, the "little professor" has finished his lecture.

[pdurrant]

Originally Posted by geekmaster

Additive (pigment) primary colors are red, yellow, blue. But in real life you also need black pigment (not considered a color) to get anything darker than a muddy brown.

Subtractive (light) primary colors are red, green, blue (matching our color perception). Mixing them gives white (in the correct proportions, matching our color sensitivity).

You have your subtractive and additive labels the wrong way around.

And the pigment primary colours really are Magenta, Cyan and Yellow. Although children painting will be told to use Red and Blue instead of Magenta and Cyan.

[pdurrant]

I'm also looking forward to a proper technical explanation of the new colour E-Ink display. It's clearly something very clever.

[geekmaster]

Originally Posted by pdurrant

You have your subtractive and additive labels the wrong way around.

Oops. Brain fart. Fixed.

Originally Posted by pdurrant

And the pigment primary colours really are Magenta, Cyan and Yellow. Although children painting will be told to use Red and Blue instead of Magenta and Cyan.

I guess that tells my age. The "historical" (RYB color model) pigment primaries (what I learned in school) are Red, Yellow and Blue: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RYB_color_model

Nobody bothered to notify me that the RYB model was replaced with the CMY model (which I mentioned is used in inkjet printers, with K added). But it does make more sense, and probably changed BECAUSE of inkjet printer technology. In fact, I still own one of the very first inkjet printers, which was only CMY which made "black" really just a dark gray. The addition of black was a huge improvement. And those early printers were not "self-purging" -- mine still has the "printer enema kit" that came with it, which required almost daily use to keep the inkjet orifices from clogging. A really high-maintenance printer, but technology marches on...

Thanks for the heads-up. I learned something new. Who would imagine they would change the primary colors in my lifetime? I updated my post.

EDIT: It makes perfect sense that somebody in the publishing industry would be aware than the printing industry "process color" standard had become the new default subtractive color system taught in schools. People outside of related "subtractive color" related industries would have no reason to be aware of such a change, unless notified (as I just was today). Now I know.

[Cinisajoy]

Originally Posted by pdurrant

You have your subtractive and additive labels the wrong way around.

And the pigment primary colours really are Magenta, Cyan and Yellow. Although children painting will be told to use Red and Blue instead of Magenta and Cyan.

But I want to paint with oxygenated blood and cobalt.
Ok I think I have been here too long.

[geekmaster]

Originally Posted by Cinisajoy

Aren't the actual primary colors: red, yellow, blue.and green?

As it turns out, you are correct for one particular color model still used by painters:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RYB_color_model

Red, yellow, blue, and green are still widely considered the four psychological primary colors, though red, yellow, and blue are sometimes listed as the three psychological primaries, with black and white occasionally added as a fourth and fifth.

The cyan, magenta, and yellow primary colors associated with CMYK printing are sometimes known as "process blue", "process red", and "process yellow".

Which colors are considered primary changes across color models, and I only learned RYB and RGB when I was in school.

It seems the "process color" primaries used in printing have taken over as the new default definition for subtractive color.

Learning new things keeps your brain young. Thanks Paul!

[geekmaster]

Originally Posted by Cinisajoy

But I want to paint with oxygenated blood and cobalt.
Ok I think I have been here too long.

I thought blood was only used as a pigment when you are signing away your soul. What were you offered in exchange?

[Cinisajoy]

On the colors, I just went and looked at the food coloring.
Primary box of crayons was red, yellow, blue, green, black, white, brown and was the 8th orange or purple? Been way to many years.