Basically, now you have to learn to use Android
To get the phone icon off your dockbar, longpress it until a little context menu pops up, then either drag it up to the trash can or choose "Remove." The same applies to moving around any other app icons. Your other apps are in the app drawer, the little window-pane icon. You can longpress an app in the app drawer and start moving it to place a shortcut on any of your homescreens.
An Android device will not automatically pop up when you plug it into your computer--you need to hit the notifications icon (broken circle w/ green arrow), hit the "USB connection" notification, and there's a "Turn on USB storage" button on that screen.
The basic gestures for Android are tap, longpress, swipe (right, left, up, down), pinch, and reverse-pince (unpinch?). Exploring each of these on your homescreens will help you figure out a lot of basics.