I think there is enough information in the book to point to some kind of man-made cataclysm, but purposely too vague to tell exactly how because the point is in how human life is adapting to the situation.
It was a little strange how devoid the landscape is of animal life - with a lot fewer humans around they'd have room, and there were grasses and trees, i.e. food for herbivores - and thus food for carnivores.
I also wondered a great deal about all the dried corpses. One would imagine that bacteria would have started to break them down. It wasn't all that dry, there was rain and snow, and streams and rivers. I the boy was born right after the catastrophe, and he's about 10 years, it would be quite some time.
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