I believe Calibre will accept any valid date format. You set the Display format it Tweeks.
National Geographic [1994-04]
Test this in the MDE bulk mode S&R REGEX
search {title}
.+?\s[(\d\d\d\d-\d\d)]
Replace {pubdate}
\1
That should populate Published. If that does not work try Replace \1-01
(pads with day 1)
Cleanup pass if wanted
search {title}
(.+?)\s[\d\d\d\d-\d\d]
Replace {title}
NOTE I moved the ( ) pair
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