With 2.0.2, I believe QtSvg was merely a runtime requirement. We changed something along the road to 2.1.0 that made it a build requirement. So I'm guessing that means that a -dev package for QtSvg will also be required (on distros that split packages into separate lib and dev components).
Let me see if I can figure out what Ubuntu is calling that package today.
EDIT: Try installing libqt6svg6-dev on Jammy.