I ran that command and it worked fine for me.
Code:
calibre-debug -e /usr/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py -- install -t temp sudachidict-core
Collecting sudachidict-core
Downloading SudachiDict-core-20230110.tar.gz (9.0 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Collecting SudachiPy<0.7,>=0.5
Downloading SudachiPy-0.6.6-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (2.2 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.2/2.2 MB 4.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Building wheels for collected packages: sudachidict-core
Building wheel for sudachidict-core (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for sudachidict-core: filename=SudachiDict_core-20230110-py3-none-any.whl size=71665379 sha256=cd6452b0c199c5a0241e79b0418c5833c3dc4193026eb7e311d333682156c963
Stored in directory: /home/kovid/.cache/pip/wheels/32/d9/23/a5865d2c5ccf74dd7c8fd98fddad58c4262602597fac43d608
Successfully built sudachidict-core
Installing collected packages: SudachiPy, sudachidict-core
Successfully installed SudachiPy-0.6.6 sudachidict-core-20230110
calibre-debug does not need to know any specific arguments. The point of -- is that all arguments after it are ignored by calibre-debug and passed to the script being executed.