In the mean time, I have done some more research. When I disconnect the backlight and the touchscreen connectors, the reader still hangs after a few seconds. It even can't finish a firmware update or a recovery. But when I disconnect the display connector and let it run blind for a few minutes, it finishes everything I throw at it. That is visible when I connect the display, but a few seconds later, the reader hangs again.
So for some reason, it's the display which locks the reader. The strange thing is, as long as the reader is still running, the display is fine. It doesn't show graphical errors or glitches of any kind.
It's also not related to the firmware.
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