It could be encrypted without you even doing anything.
There's lots of things that I've never done a deep dive into, that's one.
I have done similar things with corrupted hard disks.
In the best of all possible worlds (thank you, Dr. Pangloss) the blocks are contiguous.
You can scan the raw blocks looking for file headers and try to assemble continugous blocks.
I've usually just made ad-hoc tools to search. The usual tools I use are designed for sane sized files. Searching 32 GB with less than 40 GB memory is not currently possible. I should make it possible though. Of course you could break your big file into smaller chunks.
Code:
E:\>findtext m.img dm-verity /x30 /y50
E:\m.img
01DA501B drivers/md/dm-verity-target.c
01DDB144 drivers/md/dm-verity-fec.c
01E11A5A dm-verity enforcing
01EC577A dm-verity device corrupted
In any case, if you want to recover your stuff, you should either archive userdata or else scan it now, before you write more files that will overwrite the old ones.