I have adopted a policy of putting the cart before the horse: the caption information is worked into the paragraph preceding the image. So the reader has presumably already absorbed the information by the time he/she/it sees the image, and can always page back if (as usually happens) it's on the preceding "page".
What prompted me to do this was a photo book about my home state that I borrowed from the state e-brary. Starting toward the beginning of the book, every page showed a caption for the preceding image at the top of the page, with the rest of the page given over to another and unrelated photo.
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