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Printing without moveable type predates gutenberg in Europe. Chinese movable type and printing is older still.
I know what a manuscript is. Clue in the name. Though I've not worked like that since about 1979.
Duplicators that could use a typed stencil are from the Victorian era. Some could print a smaller number of copies from specially prepared handwritten sheets.
In the 1850s it was still cheaper to go to the play than read the book. Carnegie donated libraries as he realised that made books available to poorer people. Even rich people had taken advantage of libraries before that, also sharing books. See Jane Austin.
The founder of Gutenberg.org (in maybe 1972) realised the importance of electronic texts.
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