Who Goes There - John W Campbell
This is a novella, written in 1938, about the events at an Antarctic research base when they discover an alien craft buried in the ancient glacial ice. They excavate an "occupant" that has been frozen in the ice for millions of years, and take it back to their base to study.
Being set in the 1930s the technology is very limited, so that the staff of the research base are totally isolated when events take a turn for the worse. Paranoia builds as they start to piece together what is befalling them. There is a logical progression of scientific theory in their various discussions, although it has to be remembered that this was written in 1938 when people had different ideas about alien life forms!
Two films have been based on this novella:
The Thing from Another World (1951), and the iconic
The Thing (1982). The 1951 film bears very little resemblance to the book, while 1982's
The Thing is a more faithful up to date version of the story.
It's worth a read, although I wouldn't pay more than 99 pence/cents due to its length. It may well be included in some SF collections on the various stores.