SD cards and USB sticks use FAT, FAT32 and exFAT, or even ext2 BECAUSE they are not journaled.
2G and less can use FAT
4G to 32 G needs FAT32
larger than 32 G cards/sticks ought to be using exFAT.
NTFS originally wasn't meant for removable storage at all. On NT4.0 you could not eject an NTFS removable disk without unmounting in Disk Administrator, or a shutdown! It can even be a problem on USB HDDs for some Apples as well as Linux if there isn't an additional driver for NTFS.
The ext2 or ext4 should only be used with gadgets that natively support it or on Linux. I have got an ext2 driver on my old XP laptop I stopped using in 2016.
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