I've no idea, as I've never in over 10 years of eBooks, ever bought an ePub with DRM. All the ePubs I bought were DRM free. You don't need any application installed for the Kindle specific plug-in, just the serial number of the physical eink Kindle you bought the Amazon book for. Mobi or AZW files, not KFX, which work differently. Hence use Download to PC, not PC app on Amazon.
AFAIK, only with B&N do you need their Nook. You don't need any app for Amazon Kindle files downloaded for a real Kindle.
I mostly read on a Kobo, but I've no idea how Kobo files work. Even when I did use Windows XP and then Windows 7 and briefly Windows 10, I never used the Sony / Amazon / Kobo apps to transfer files. I did look at the Kindle app on Windows and removed it as spyware. Also I removed the Andriod Kindle app and and instead used various 3rd party epub apps. I only looked at the Sony program on windows to see how it read back annotations, it's ghastly. So I read annotations from Kobo in Calibre using the Kobo Utilities. Originally in Windows, now only on Linux.
I have a Nook Simple Touch to see how epubs look on it. Never installed any Nook applications, nor ever bought B&N books.
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