From what I've observed, hinting appears to be one of the big culprits for increasing the font size. I'm not sure, but truetype outlines may also be a bit larger compared to CFF outlines.
The more glyphs, the more hinting, and complex glyphs probably have more hinting than simpler glyphs.
I tend to remove hinting from fonts, because it can cause havoc with eink if the font has been hand-hinted for LCD screens. If you ever come across a font that looks plain bad on eink (I'm talking uneven widths, especially on characters like 'e' or 'c'), chances are it's the hinting.
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