The author is included in the metadata to be updated.
The most likely reason for the metadata of a book not to be updated is that calibre has matched the book in the library to the book on the device. If there is no green tick on the the book when the device is connected, it isn't matched to the device. From what you say the author was, it is likely it wasn't matched. You can do this manually in the device list. Find the book there, right-click on it and select the "Match book to library" option. The next dialog is to search for the book in the library. Find it, select it and press OK. Then, right-click on the device button and choose "Update cached metadata on device". This will update a calibre file on the device which will do the match the next time the device is connected.
If that isn't the case, I would need to see a debug log from calibre. With the device connected, restart calibre in debug mode (right-click the preferences button and choose it there). Calibre will restart and when the device jobs finished, close calibre. The debug log will be displayed. Post or PM me the full log to look at.
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