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1. Style guides.
2. Logic
3. Whatever you decide, do it 100% consistently.
Anything typographical is possible on paper. Ebooks are more limited, however the very oldest ebook readers I've tested can do serif, sans and monospace (like Courier). Each of those in regular, italic, bold and bold italic. Also different relative sizes. Docx import to Calibre seems to be the easiest to use tool and embed the base/body font.
1) Dialogue quoting another speaker is straightforward.
The issue for deciding your own rules seem to be:
2) Thoughts. Some use quotes, some italics and some leave plain.
3) An inserted text (Sign, TV Caption, computer screen, email, telegram, letter). If it's being read out by a character, then it's (1). Otherwise you can use Title caps on a Sign, All Caps on a Telegram, or use monospace, or use sans if body text is serif (or vice versa). It has to not confuse the reader and be consistent.
4) Telepathy or imagined telepathy (common in Fantasy but can be in other genres). Italic without quotes is common. In such a case (2) is often done plain and clear from context (I thought, or Narration; Geena thought)
A consideration is how would it be obvious in an Audio Book?
Simplicity, clarity, logic and 100% consistent.
Beta readers should help. Don't hint in advance.
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