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File system corruption can happen for many reasons (some you can not do anything about in advance except have a GOOD backup handy to recover with)
1)Interruption during writes (Power fail, cable pulled, program crash or forced app or computer quit)
2) Malware/ Virus interferes with normal functions
3)Hardware going bad (some give hints, like corruptions where none were expected, because something on #1 happened). Some fails just happen. Bam! your SD card is dead.
Some thing, you can take additional preventive steps.
Current Anti-virus. A UPS in areas with glitchey power (and your device does not have a GOOD battery). better placement of devices cables to avois accidental removal.
Preventative cleaning of fins and fans (lint and cat hair...) to prevent overheating.
Each OS has tools for checking and repairing some file system errors.
On windows: you right click on the drive (icon) in explored: Properties: Tools (a tab): Check (some may require you select the drive from a list. The letter may be a 'logical' partition on a physical drive. the test usually only does 1 partition per selection.) In some cases (typ the system drive, you need to schedule so it runs at boot time (before the OS actually uses the drive)
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