*) Yes
*) Yes
+ do you mean to include "Start USB networking" here?
*) Yes
But you need command line access to do that (kTerm, USB networking, ...)
Since the root of the file system is not exported, only the user area is.
*) Not required when do this interactively on the command line.
*) Yes, sort of.
The only way to completely shut down a Kindle is to remove the battery.
There is always some hardware running, for example, what else would read power button presses when the main processor is sleeping?