This thread describes the method (APNX) that Amazon uses to provide page numbers to Kindle devices for books in formats prior to KFX, and how to "fake it" so that sideloaded books will display with page numbers.
This is NOT the method that publishers use to supply page numbers that correspond to a print edition to Amazon when publishing a book. I don't know if this feature (called "real page numbers" by Amazon) is even available for KDP publishers. I haven't seen it documented anywhere.
It appears that professional publishers are able to supply page numbers to Amazon using
PageList or
page-map markup. If you added one of those to a KDP book it might work or it might be ignored. Perhaps someone with more KDP experience could say.
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Added: I was mistaken about it not being documented. The
Amazon Kindle Publishing Guidelines covers this in section 9.3.11 "Enabling Real Page Numbers". I don't know whether or not that information applies to KDP.