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PWM control of brightness has NO issues. Only low refresh rate / flicker. You are more sensitive to it in peripheral vision, or if you are not human, i.e. a Cavy (guinea pig) will may see TV and Cinema as separate frames. 24 fps (Cinema) is slightly flickery, but far better than 12 fps (the minimum for illusion of movement). Cinema has shown each frame twice (48 fps effective) probably before video recording existed. Early cinema was 16 to 24 (16 to save film). Modern cinema (film or digital) may show the 24 fps at 72 fps, and digital 48 fps at 96 fps.
100Hz or 120Hz PWM is very trivial, only really ancient LED clocks from 1980s dividing the 50Hz or 60Hz mains had any flicker (more from sequential access than PWM thus 8.3 fps or 10fps if there are 6 digits, but most only have 4 digits, so 12.5fps or 15fps. The 50Hz mains country models do look flickery if at the edge of vision as it's 12.fps).
Flicker from PWM is not an issue on anything made in last 40 years and powered from batteries! Even many 1970s calculators have no flicker. The multiplexing of a display is far worse than PWM controlled brightness, which is the WIDTH of a fixed frequency repeating pulse.
The eInk and related technologies are bistable, so unlike LED, VFD, OLED, true LED, Plasma etc it inherently only flashes at an update. All the other display technologies have an inherent built in refresh rate which is far more significant than PWM brightness control!
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