Will
assume 
that you have an EMPTY library on your Linux box.
To get the books there:
Copy the ENTIRE
contents of the Library folder (
metadata.db is one of the items)
Paste that into the Linux box Library folder
Settings (the
configuration folder part) can be a bit trickier as they contain (case sensitive) paths.
BTW settings come in 2 flavors: Per Library (eg columns) and per user (format of language, dates....)
So lets ask, How much customization (using Calibre Preferences menu) have you done? How many plugins have you added ?
then we can suggest a plan.

BTW What would you say your Computer skills level are at for each of Linux and Windows?