Apple uses iTunes as the primary way of getting content onto an iPhone, however Apple doesn't support Linux. There are ways around that, but I suspect that you won't be terribly happy with them. Dropbox might work for you. I will say that a 5S is a pretty old phone.
iOS has a very different mindset than Android. If you like that level of control, then I suspect you aren't going to be terribly happy with iOS. If it were me, I would just get a cheap android phone.
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