Yay!! It worked.
I couldn't find the metadata plugboard the first time, though I don't know why since it's right there. (I haven't done any tweaking in Calibre for years, and I've gotten rusty.) You were right, I did in fact have one that was putting the series info in the title, and the set series information was also unchecked. Good to know that it has to be connected twice for that information to get put on the Kobo - that will save me some headaches in the future I'm sure.
I'm having a very vague memory now that when I first got my Kobo a few years ago I thought the series data just didn't work, as a downside to getting a Kobo versus how my old Sonys handled/displayed series. (And to try to fix it I probably would have removed and re-added the books, so the second connection never happened.) I think I must have added the plugboard to correct the "problem."
Good thing I had a random older book that showed me they could be formatted the other way.
Now my books are nice and pretty for the first time in years. Thank you guys so much!