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Most OS dedicate a portion of RAM as disk cache. In addition otherwise unused RAM is used as disk cache. So to increase the disk cache you can reduce the number of programs taking up room running. Or add more RAM.
So "free memory" is a pretty good approximation of how large your disk cache is.
In Windows it is also possible to use fast flash memory as disk cache, with the Ready Boost feature.
Typically you only cache reads. It may improve performance significantly to also cache writes. Especially on a mechanical HDD. But if something bad™ happens before the write cache is flushed you may loose data or experience corrupt data on disk.
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