I just chose a couple random books. The
Alice in Wonderland PDF (from the California Digital Library) uses JPX encoding with RGB images at 8 bits per color.
On the other hand, the
Western Philosophy PDF (from the Universal Library) uses JBIG2 encoding with monochrome (1 bit per pixel).
You can check encoding with k2pdfopt's "info" feature (-i command-line option).
That's probably the difference between the kindle being able to display the pages. It may be running out of memory on the JPX decode, or it may simply not know how to decode JPX.
You might want to look at
this post.