one of the studies cited was done in 2005. at this point in time, the only commercially released e-ink readers available were the sony libre and sony prs-500. so the predominant "digital screen" the study is referring to has to be the computer screen and not a dedicated ebook reader.
as such, when reading on a computer, there can be a lot of distractions, such as having music playing on the computer, or if reading on a browser, distractions from advertisers. so non-linear reading is very possible.
this in no way can be generalized to be indicative of using a dedicated reading device such as an e-ink reader, which has very little access to other programs for the purpose of multi-tasking.
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