In the USA, there is no trade standardization on the meaning of "refurbished".
It means whatever the user claims it means.
So what you are getting depends on if you are buying "refurbished" from Amazon or "refurbished" from some other vendor.
Different vendors, different definitions.
For Kindles returned as "defective" - those go into a bin with absolutely minimum time spent (unpack and toss operation).
Those bins (about 32 cubic feet) are sold at auction to others whose business it is to repair for re-sale returned devices. These businesses also use the term "refurbished" or "refurbishers".
It is a closed box (bin) auction, what you get is whatever happens to be in the bin.
Some will be good, some will be spare parts, and everything in-between.
The only thing certain is there will be a lot of them.
There are controls on what is called: "new"
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