To all intents and purposes Onedrive is a network drive.
So you should read this
I am getting errors with my calibre library on a networked drive/NAS?
The bottom line is that you should pause Onedrive whilst you're using calibre. There's an option to do that in OD's tray icon context menu - careful, it's time limited <sigh>
Calibre uses a database (metdatadata.db) to manage the library rather than the file system, the author and book folders are the equivalent of the stacks in a bricks and mortar library.
BR