Thank you all for the great help!

I went with the first possibility by dickloraine because I think (once set up) it is the fastest way to get the citation! And it almost works
I made a new "custom column constructed from other columns" with the code:
Code:
{author_sort} ({pubdate}): {title:||,} {series:|in: |,} {series_index:||.} {publisher}.
So that it shows for example:
Hyppolite, Jean (Jan 1969): Studies on Marx and Hegel, Basic Books.
That fits my needs perfectly!
The strange thing is, that it is not shown correctly in the column in calibre –*just when I click (one time) on the selected book within the column a window opens where I can change the code –*and there the preview is perfectly right. In the plain column the positions are mixed up. Maybe the code needs to be fixed? Or it is a bug? Or the problem relies on the format of (f.e.) the title, where punctuations, commas, lines may appear. The mix up is quite random and I could not track down if there is any continuity to it....
Thank you again!!