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knc1, I really appreciate your help here. Unfortunately I'm starting to feel like my head is about to explode trying to absorb all the disparate nuggets of info from all the posts I've read over the last week. I think I'm going to need a little (more) hand-holding through your last post. I'm a little confused about what we are trying to do here, or what I'm to do once completing certain steps. Are we attempting, in order, to address the I/O errors, back up data, then flash an update?

Originally Posted by knc1

Sytem Diags - D - In some versions, that is: "exit to command line"

I found an "L) Exit to login prompt", same thing? When I exit diags and get to a command prompt will I then be able to run fsck?

Misc Diags - M - Might exercise / test eMMC and just the label hasn't been changed (Kindles once used MoviNand devices)

N) Misc individual diagnostics --> N) MoviNand:

Spoiler:

C) Certification Test Mode     
I) Wifi Test     
G) Gas Gauge     
L) LED Test     
O) FrontLight test     
S) HallSensor detect     
V) Video Test     
T) Touch Sensor Menu     
N) MoviNand     
E) Power Test     
H) Adjust battery     
M) MoviNand/AdjBat/DisableDiags     
~ U ~ Utilities  
X) Exit
     

(784, 72) pixel not in range (0..768, 0..1024)
DiagMenu: dispatchTouchEvent: TOUCH_EVENT_TOUCH_UP::SELECT: line: 21, MoviNand
Command: N
        MoviNandTest:exe 
system_diags[MoviNandTest] 1 INFO : Start test
Can not open or create DiagTest Log     Parsing : [RunInMode=0 Mount_Cust_Flag=/cust/e]
        RunInMode = 0
        Mount_Cust_Flag = /cust/etc/version.txt
        loLimit: -558907665, hiLimit: -558907665
   PINOT-WFO - MoviNand -  92
   ~~~~  1.12.547.231842  ~~~~ 
     pcbId:027220##########
   Enter MOVINAND Test.
   It might take few minutes
   to finish the test
   Be patient

HalMoviNand:startThread 
HalMoviNand:callBack Start
MD5 file list : /opt/factory/diagrootfs_md5_list
HalMoviNand:stopThread 
HalMoviNand:callBack Done
        MoviNandTest:enterTest Check customer partition
HalMoviNand:startThread 
HalMoviNand:callBack Start
HalMoviNand:hal_cmd_movi_nand_md5 checking customer partition
system: I mntroot:def:Making root filesystem writeable
[11049.472414] EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p2): using internal journal
umount: /cust: not mounted
[11049.503888] EXT3-fs: barriers not enabled
[11049.508687] kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
[11049.514211] EXT3-fs (mmcblk0p1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
system: I mntroot:def:Making root filesystem read-only
MD5 file list : /cust/opt/factory/rootfs_md5_list
HalMoviNand:hal_cmd_movi_nand_md5 check_md5_file, rval = -1
HalMoviNand:stopThread 
HalMoviNand:callBack Done
        MoviNandTest:enterTest checkCustomerPartition failed
Can not open or create DiagTest Log   PINOT-WFO - MoviNand -  92
   ~~~~  1.12.547.231842  ~~~~ 
     pcbId:027220114454001Z
 
   user sw md5sum error, update again
   FAIL
~ X ~ Exit

It doesn't seem to do much more than comparing hashes. However you can probably see more into the output than I can

Utilities - Z - enable USBnet - that might let you ssh into the Diags command line
- M - Do you have an nfs server set-up (it is usually included by default in Linux distros)?
If so, we could try mounting the "Main" file system over nfs (just as if we where developers )
That one we get a root system image by opening up an Amazon update package with KindleTool.

So far I've only been able to successfully get kindletool up and running. I am sure that I can get nfs working but it's going to be some trial and error getting there.

As an aside I found a version.txt on the kindle that displayed, "Kindle 5.6.5 (273030 038)". I'm thinking this is a good thing for once we're up and running. I'm assuming it also may help decide which firmware version to try installing since we can't downgrade (no?).

I apologize for my rudimentary skill level here as Linux is not my strong suit. It is very interesting learning as I go, unfortunately it seems that for every thread I read I end up with more questions than answers when trying to make them applicable to this situation.