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Darmstadt, Germany
Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" (German: Wissenschaftsstadt) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) is located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered. The existence of the following elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research: Ununtrium (2012), Flerovium (2009), Ununpentium (2012), Livermorium (2010), Ununseptium (2012), and Ununoctium. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, which is the city's largest employer.
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