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It's been several years since I read it, but I seem to recall that Tolkien himself said that Mordor was not based on his experience in WW I, but rather were more to do with the industrialization of England during his youth. What he wrote during WW I was the material that eventual became the Silmarillion, i.e. the backstory and mythology of Middle Earth. Many people have also tried to tie Modor to WW II since he wrote a lot of it during that time period.
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