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For BPH's their costs are rather reduced, and they are generally smart about print runs if they get unique paper for a book. As to the material cost otherwise, remember these companies are ordering in mass bulk amounts and thus are getting discounts. Transport, while a cost, is typically pushed to the retailer. So yes it costs someone something, but not the BPHs.
Up until the book is printed, the costs are the same.
Pbooks, generally, cost more than their ebook counterparts (there are exceptions). These exceptions crop up with discounted on new physical books, or when a backlist title is made into an ebook when there was no digital file.
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