There is no real reason to use makeinstaller if you are building yourself.
It's purpose is to create a fully redistributable "frozen" version which can be installed by anyone -- even if they don't have python3, Qt5, etc. -- and installs into /opt
And if you look at src/CMakeLists.txt, the linux_python_gather.py is created if you define PKG_SYSTEM_PYTHON, which of course is necessary if you will be making a standalone installer.

makeinstaller just runs that file, I think from looking at it it should be complete.
But I certainly haven't tried it...
...
Why are you using checkinstall instead of a proper package manager? I don't know much of anything at all about using debian's buildsystem, but I *think* they have some way of building the git version of a package.
All I know is it is much easier with ArchLinux

-- hey, I maintain the sigil-git package.