Debian traditionally splits the development headers needed for compiling from the runtime libraries.
The official build
control file lists the following build dependencies:
Code:
Build-Depends: cmake (>= 3.0.0),
debhelper (>= 9),
libhunspell-dev,
libjs-jquery,
libjs-jquery-scrollto,
libminizip-dev,
libpcre3-dev (>= 2:8.35-4),
libqt5svg5-dev (>= 5.4.0),
libqt5webkit5-dev (>= 5.4.0),
libqt5xmlpatterns5-dev (>= 5.4.0),
pkg-config,
python3.4-dev,
qtbase5-dev (>= 5.4.0),
qttools5-dev (>= 5.4.0),
qttools5-dev-tools (>= 5.4.0),
zlib1g-dev
Which pulls in mesa-common-dev via the dependency chain for qtbase5-dev.
What works for them will probably work for you.