The command-line tools are installed to your system PATH on Windows and linux, but not on OSX -- because OSX uses Bundles, which have no way to trigger post-install commands I believe.
There used to be an option in Preferences to symlink the tools into /usr/bin on OSX (like the linux installer does) but apparently the method used to get root privileges was deprecated a while back.
The solution is to manually symlink them:
Code:
sudo ln -sf /Applications/calibre.app/Contents/console.app/Contents/MacOS/* /usr/local/bin/
Note: My auto-upgrade script does this automatically. See here:
https://github.com/eli-schwartz/calibre-installer
Note2: I don't use OSX, I experimentally ported it from the linux script which I
do use, but I have received confirmation that it works as expected on OSX.
EDIT: Changed to accommodate System Integrity Protection, introduced in El Capitan.