Well, I have traditionally used a very scripted solution with rsync, but both bash and rsync are available for Windows courtesy of cygwin.
No chance in hell of btrfs snapshots though.
http://webgnuru.com/linux/rsync_incremental.php
Just set your sync program to backup to a folder that contains the current date. If it has a cli mode, that should be easy. Without something like rsync's --link-dest (hardlink from "b" to identical files in "c", instead of copying from "a" to "b"), that will require all the time of a full backup, and the space of one too.
FreeFileSync includes "macros" a/k/a variables:
http://www.freefilesync.org/manual.php?topic=macros
And builtin "versioning", not sure if that creates full, hardlinked versioned backups or just versions containing old copies of
changed files -- the former is what I use, no additional space costs but, visually, far more comprehensible.
http://www.freefilesync.org/manual.php?topic=versioning
I hate to recommend FreeFileSync since it comes bundled with spamware.