Sorry to say, I don't think anyone has ever thought along these lines before. It would probably require extensive modifications to the rendering framework, and new exth fields in the books themselves. And you'd be starting from scratch.
Although I agree it would be nice to have support for series and tagging, I don't think I'd be willing to hack it for free, especially since it would need reimplementing for every fw revision. You might think it worthwhile for yourself, of course...
The path of least resistance is to do as many here have done, and use calibre plugboards to abuse the title and dynamically insert the series info during the send-to-device or export actions.
My books for example have titles that look like "title (subseries, Book #) (series, Book #)"