Shortly, the number of pages in each "chapter" is calculated by dividing the total compressed size of the file by 1024. Then the pages are distributed more or less evenly (I don't remember if the whole code or only the displayed text is used for this part).
Thus, the number of pages can be changed, without changing the text at all, by changing the compression level, or by adding or removing invisible code (HTML comments, non-displayed elements, long or short class names, unnecessary tags, inline styles, <meta> tags in the HTML head, whitespace, etc.)
This is valid for generated page numbers in Adobe style. As mentioned, there are other methods to include explicit page numbers.
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