To get metadata (including covers) to show in the Book Details panel in the Device view in calibre:
Right-click on the "Device" icon in the Location Manager, and select "Update cached metadata on device".
This will only work if the book was recognized as matching a book in your library. You can right-click and select "Match book to library" to manually match books, but normally they should be matched if the title and author are the same.
If you have edited the title in order to strip out The Usual Junk, then calibre's metadata will be different from the metadata in the book, and the book will fail to match.
Usually, I'd mention that plugboards also throw a wrench in the matching, but you didn't send them from calibre.
