The short answer: No.
The explanation: If you just dragged & dropped the books through your operating system, you probably only copied the ebook text and not any cover images (which can be a separate file) and even if you did, it might not be in a manner that your reader demands. You also might have old, non-updated metadata within the copied book text on your reader. Calibre's database is updated immediately when editing any books. However, these changes may not be applied to the ebook files themselves because, as a time and workload saver, calibre updates the ebook files upon demand - which usually means export. It can also be triggered by certain plugin actions, for instance Polish Books or the new Editor, among others.
Since you didn't export them via calibre, you can understand why you cannot simply update the files.
This is why, when a user installs calibre for the first time, it requires so many options in Preferences to be set immediately. Otherwise the program could not perform the various actions "behind the scenes" - like converting an ebook for export for use by your reader - correctly.
Now, it might be possible to force calibre to update these ebooks and then copy and paste the new file over the old one. However, if you've got any kind of Antivirus running, this might be considered viral activity. Also, some readers would consider this tampering with a file (ie, DRM'ed ebooks on Kindles and Amazon) and might reject things accordingly. So your best option is probably just to send to your reader, via calibre, normally.
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