calibre currently *requires* Qt 4.8 so compiling from source wont help you if you want to keep Qt before 4.7.3. There's no automated way to create standalone calibre binaries, the script I use to do it is specific to my build VM. But if you have the time, you can try adapting it, it is linux/freeze2.py and it is launched by
python setup.py linux_freeze
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