When adding books to calibre, it can read the metadata from the file or from the file name. I think you want to do the latter. The options for this are on the preferences on the "Adding books" page. You will need to uncheck the "Read metadata from the file contents rather than file name". Then you need to set a regular expression that parses the file name into the metadata fields.
But, I have to ask why do you want to do this? Calibre and the Kobo devices handle the metadata correctly. Both will display and sort on them in the libraries. If the point is to add series information for sorting on the device, then you can achieve this using metadata plugboards. They are run when the book is sent to the device to modify the metadata at that point.
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