When you update metadata in Calibre it only updates it in the Calibre metadata database - it is not embedded into the ePub file at that point. Calibre uses a 'lazy update' technique for performance reasons to make updating metadata faster as database updates are quick. The ePub Metadata editor you mention is probably working off the data embedded in the ePub file.
You can force Calibre to update it immediately using the Calibre Polish feature or the Modify ePub plugin. If you do not use either of those it is only updated in the ePub file if you do a conversion to ePub; Use Send to Device; or use Save to Disk (to export the file from Calibre).
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