You can do this by creating a composite custom column (a "column built from other columns", but not "acts like tags"). You would check the box "Show in tag browser". The template would be
Code:
{pubdate:format_date(yyyy)}
You will now have an entry in the tag browser for each publication year.
Do note that composite columns can cause performance problems, especially for very large libraries. Try it and see if the performance is acceptable. If not, then delete the column.