For me, Knut Hamsun's 1890 novel, HUNGER.
At one point the protagonist is attempting to write outdoors in a park, with a pencil on paper...he begins to perceive the commas as stubborn insect-like creatures adhering to the paper, resisting the wind.
The protagonist often describes his own perception of his own perceptions...alienated from them, attributing them to hunger alone...though at times the reader can perceive that the protagonist's subconscious is actually perceiving reality clearly...more clearly than the protagonist/narrator consciously realises as he doubts himself...and his perceptions.
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