One idea that I would like to try out on these DICOM images is not a true dither, but a mapping operation.
We have (thanks twobob) a set of DICOM utilities, one of which will write a histogram of the grayscale values present (and a lot of other info utilities).
Map the 16 (14 without black and white) most frequently used grayscale values to "True Grayscale" values (a "false" grayscale image) and everything else to either the closest or the furthest (highest contrast) value (black or white).
Sort of a "Grayscale Overview" of the image.