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The "authorized_keys" file holds public keys (not just fingerprints!) that allow log in for users who possess the corresponding private keys.
Also, besides user level authorization, there is server authentification/authorization. The server will also have a public/private key pair. The server's public key is typically saved for authentification of the server on later logins, for the OpenSSH client in ~/.ssh/known_hosts
On UI level, for public keys often only a "fingerprint" is presented. It's a short hash value that allows for a more or less secure comparison of the public key against a published/known one.
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