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I'm not addressing the 5 year claim, just making the point that there is indeed information in a router that can be used to get information about the whole path (or, 'route') of traffic independent of any management logging function.
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A router does not know what a "whole path" is let alone how to get one. A router maintains a table of the destination networks/hosts it needs and the next hop to get there. Beyond the next hop it is clueless.
For virtually all home routers the next hop to get anywhere other then the local network it is connected to is the ISP. The router has only 2 routes - one for the local network and a "default" route. The default router tells it where to send all traffic it has no other route for.
Even commercial/enterprise routers (including those used by ISPs) do not know the whole path.
There are some tools which can try to trace a path between two hosts on the internet but they often fail since many people have disabled that functionality on their routers.